As the highest peak of Iran, Mount Damavand has come to represent core qualities to the people of this land. Let us take a look at what this volcanic mountain means to the Persians.

The Significance of Damavand

Damavand has a special place in Iranian’s hearts which is palpable in its place at the center of Iranian mythology and stories. The ancient Persians thought this peak was insurmountable, and that the sky was holy. Therefore, the height closest to it was considered sacred too. 

This impression has rendered Damavand the inspiration of many artists. The recognizable photograph of this monumental peak can be seen on our money, coins, posters, etc.

Barfchal Celebration 

Ab Ask Village inhabitants perform a ritual every spring called the Barfchal Celebration. They do this by gathering the remaining snow on the ground and piling them in a hole.

The melting of the snow produces freshwater that they can use in summer. At the end of this ceremony comes the time for eating together. 

This ceremony has been upheld for six centuries so far. Nowadays, people celebrate because of their religious beliefs.

Perhaps you will enjoy taking part in this age-old celebration that entails so much forethought and provision through our Damavand Trekking Tour.

Persian Mythology and Damavand

Many stories and myths regarding Damavand are about its holiness. The legend of Zahaak and Fereydoun myths take place on the outskirts of Damavand:

The Legend of Zahhak and Fereydoun

As the world-renowned storyteller Ferdowsi sets out this myth, Zahaak was an evil ruler who was swayed easily by the whispers of the devil. One day, the devil bent down and kissed each shoulder of Zahaak once.

From the place where he placed a kiss, a serpent arose that only ate the brain of men for food. Out of fear that one day the serpents would eat Zahaak’s own brain, he cruelly had two young men killed each day to feed the snakes. 

Fereydoun was a bold, young man who stood against the tyranny of Zahaak. He defeated the evil ruler in a fair fight but refused to put him down; instead, Fereydoun imprisoned Zahaak in a cave beneath our very own Damavand Mountain.

This is where Zahaak will remain until the end of time; cut off from the world, doomed to eternal detention. They say sometimes you can hear shrieks coming from the base of Damavand, which is Zahaak’s voice that carries across centuries.

The Legend of Arash the Bowman

The legend goes that one day when the war between Iran and Turan reached an impasse, both sides agreed to peace if an arrow shot by an Iranian would settle the border.

The fiendish demand was made to dishearten the Persians, who knew that they could not take their land back from the advancing enemy.

For who could let an arrow fly so far? But when Arash stepped forward, they trusted his adroitness and courage.

He climbed Mount Damavand and from the very peak fired an arrow that flew from dawn until sunset. It ultimately landed on a broad walnut tree, and this determined the border of Iran and Turan.

They say that Arash set down his soul on that arrow and that is how it flew so far.

They say that he died the moment his arrow flew and that his body still rests in Damavand.

Damavand in Poetry 

Damavand has always been a symbol of endurance to Iranians. This has inspired poets such as Ferdowsi, Rumi, Nizami, Vahshi Bafqi, Malek o-Shoara Bahar, and many more. 

For instance, one of the most beautiful poems about Damavand is brought here for you: 

O, shackled white demon! 

O, dome of the world, Damavand! 

You have a helmet of silver upon your head;

And a belt of Iron upon your waist. 

To conceal your face from the people, 

You have clouds that surround you. 

To be left alone from these human-faced animals, 

And these infernal, wicked people. 

You made a pact with the heavenly lion, 

And unified with the Lucky Star

When the Earth was despondent, darkened, and cold

Dejected,

And oppressed, 

It threw its fist into the Sky!

And you are that fist, O Damavand! 

You are that mighty first of the Earth

That we inherited from centuries-long past. 

Europeans Climbing the Peak 

The first European individual who sought to conquer Damavand was a Frenchman. His name was Antoine Olivier. He was a natural science researcher.

He came to Iran to learn all that he could of the nature of the Middle East. During his first attempt, he found sulfurous rocks along the track.

His first attempt at climbing Damavand did not come to fruition, however on his second attempt a few years later, he made his way to the very top. 

Jacques de Morgan traversed all of the expanse of Iran with the aid of the French government. De Morgan attempted to climb Damavand in the winter of 1889.

He didn’t make it past the height of 5300m, however, he devised a map of the geography of the mountain to that height and returned to France. He was a geologist and did many services to the science of geology. De Morgan’s attempt was indeed laudable.

He took on the climb with equipment available 120 years ago, at -26 degrees C.

Damavand and Music

Shahin Farhat is an Iranian music composer who composed a symphony for Mount Damavand. He believes it is his best work yet. This symphony comprises three movements. The first outlines the personality of Damavand.

The second, the beauty of Damavand, and the third envision the snow and blizzard in Damavand. The final movement is dedicated to illustrating the glory of Mount Damavand.

Around the world, there exist breads created and modified to the taste of all races, ethnic groups, or peoples.

Each of these types of breads, depending on the available resources and traditions, have their own recipes.

For instance, in colder regions of the world the use of warming spices such as ginger or even pepper is common for baking bread. Or how in tropical climates, people use dates in their flour and water mixture when making bread. 

Bread is a type of sustenance prepared by baking, steaming, or frying. As well as a grain flour, water, yeast, and salt, sometimes a recipe calls for milk, oil, and a variety of spices.

The mixture of spice and the variety in preparing steps has resulted in the creation of a lot of breads. Bread is known as a staple food all over the world.

The basic way of baking bread is to prepare a dough with flour and starter, subsequently put to rest so it expands; and then to bake that in an oven. 

The flour is often made of wheat due to its high gluten; which is what gives bread a spongey, tender texture. Sometimes black wheat flour, oat flour, or corn flour can be mixed in the flour. 

Iran has a wide variety of breads compared to other countries of the world; it also has a high per capita bread consumption compared to others. 

The Steps of Baking Bread in an Iranian Bakery

To watch the process of bread baking in Iran is an experience we recommend tourists to try. The beauty of bread baking in Iran is that you can stand and watch the line of skilled workers prepare your loaf.

You can usually watch every or most steps. It used to be done all by hand, but of course in the industrialized cities of today some of the steps can be relegated to machines now. 

• First, they make the bread dough. 
• Someone forms the dough into a sphere that we call “Chaneh” in Farsi. The person responsible for this task has to pay attention to the size of bread, so that everyone’s payment is fair. 
• The next person in the line uses a rolling pin to flatten the chaneh, and puts sesame seeds on its surface. They may also add in other seeds, but sesame is the most common. Then they place the bread inside the oven usually by sticking it to an interior wall of the bread furnace or placing it flat inside the oven. 
• The last person taking part in bread making watches the bread loaves and grabs hold of them and brings them out when they’re ready. They place the hot, fresh loaves of bread on the table in front of the customers.

Traditions of bread buying in Iran 

In Iran, you must wait in a line to buy bread. These lines are usually long early in the morning and at night, at approximately 6-8 P.M. 

If you wish to buy only one loaf, or two, you may do so without having to wait in line. 

Instead of a single-use plastic bag, most customers bring a piece of cloth that they will wrap the bread in to take home. They will acquire their loaf, and then let it rest on the table provided for this purpose so that it doesn’t steam up on the way home. 

Iranians hold bread in high regard. They recognize a lot of care and tenacity goes into growing, harvesting, and milling wheat, as well as baking the bread, and that is something to respect

. They make sure no piece of bread falls to the ground; and if they see such a thing has occurred they might pick it up, devotedly kiss it, and place it on a ledge or shelf, well above ground. 

The lines in some cities of Iran are separate for male and female customers. In some cities of Iran you can purchase bread online.

The Most Popular Iranian Breads

The most common and popular Iranian breads include: Naan-e Lavash, Barbari, Sangak, Taftoon, Naan-e Jo, Naan-e Gandom, Naan-e Sabzidar, Naan-e Khoshke Tanoor, etc.

In every region, on top of the breads mentioned before, breads are baked that are specifically suited to the climate, such as spicy or sweet breads. 

In the following, we look at four of the most famous breads of Iran: 

Taftoon Bread

Taftoon, popular especially in villages, is a round bread baked at 5 mm thickness. This type of bread is rather easy to prepare, and so it is frequently made in every city of Iran.

Sometimes, mistakenly, people refer to Taftoon as Naan-e Lavash; as both are flatbreads. Taftoon dates back centuries and as it has a medium thickness, it appeals to most tastes. 

Sangak Bread 

Sangak is possibly the most popular bread of Iran. Sangak – also called Sang Nani – is a bread softer than Lavash with a thickness of 9 mm, popular in large cities.

Sangak is not only tastier, but also healthier than other breads. To bake Sangak, a furnace covered with Sang (pebbles) is needed. 

Barbari

Barbari is a well-loved Iranian bread. It makes an exceptional breakfast when enjoyed with Tabriz Cheese.

Naan-e Barbari is a rather crispy bread 10-2- mm thick whose dough has to rest well- just like Sangak. But this bread is more brittle compared to Sangak and Lavash.

Some believe the recipe for Barbari belongs to a nomad tribe called Barbar who settled in Iran during the Qajar Era some time during the past century. 

Lavash

Naan-e Lavash is the thinnest, whitest bread that Iranians consume. Due to their small weight and thickness (2mm), Iranians usually purchase this bread in ready-made packets at the bakery. 

This is a very thin flat bread comprising all purpose flour, water, yeast, and salt. 

When freshly baked, Lavash is similar to tortillas. However it dries up quickly when left out. 

Although it is quick to become crisp, Lavash has a long best-before date and thus, is frequently bought by Iranians. 

Iran and some neighbor countries share Lavash as a heritage in UNESCO list.

Hotels located on beaches and in jungles are extremely popular with travelers, especially for romantic getaways.

The magical scenery visible from the windows of these hotels and their ideal location can make a trip memorable.

Such hotels are plenty in Iran and in this article, we will introduce some of the best Iran Shore Resorts and Jungle Lodges.

Toranj Hotel (Kish)

Toranj-e Kish hotel, with its out-of-the-ordinary design, was opened on the celebrated waters of the Persian Gulf in the year 1394. This hotel is located northwest of Kish, in an untouched, unspoiled expanse of nature.

Toranj-e Kish Hotel was defined in two phases; the first with a handsome paisley design on the surface of the water, and the second phase, with several floors, on the shore of the island.

All the rooms of Toranj Hotel have glass floors and balconies, making possible a thorough enjoyment of the terrific views of the Persian Gulf water and the striking sunset and break of dawn.

In the course of construction, the architects of this complex endeavored to ensure the smallest amount of damage possible would be inflicted upon the natural environs and the ecosystem of the area. http://toranj-hotel.com/en

Salar Darre Hotel (Sari)

Salar Darre Hotel was opened in Sari in 1352. The entire edifice of the hotel underwent reconstruction in 1388 and was equipped with modern luxurious decorations and amenities.

Salar Darre Hotel complex is comprised of 56 rooms and suites, boasting hotel facilities such as a tennis court, a shopping center, a tea shop, et cetera.

Salar Darre Hotel is located in the heart of Hyrcanian Woods, which has been registered on Iran’s List of Heritage Sites by UNESCO, and the locality is idyllic: sublime weather, proximity to a river inside the woods, and rooms with a view of the trees. http://salardarehhotel.com/en/

Marina Park Hotel (Kish)

Marina Park is a five-star hotel located in the most beautiful area of Kish, on land more than 10 hectares in size. It opened to the public in 1390, not only as a hotel but also as an entertainment complex.

The rooms and suites of the hotel, in accordance with the inclination of all you esteemed guests, have a view of either the sea or the park. The hotel’s restaurant also possesses a terrific view of the Persian Gulf, and the complex owns a food court situated on the very shore.

In addition to all that is mentioned, the 750-meter line of the shore, which is managed by the hotel, offers recreational amenities such as diving, jet-skiing, a gym, and seaside leisure activities, and a water park. Marina Park Hotel also offers amenities such as a swimming pool, sauna, Jacuzzi, a spa, and a tennis court.

The proximity of the hotel to the bike road, which tracks all around the island can also be noted.  http://en.marinaparkhotel.ir/

Bame Sabz Hotel (Ramsar)

This hotel is situated at a height of 700 meters from sea level and has a vast, impressive view of the neighboring woods and the Caspian Sea. The hotel is comprised of two sections: the woodland village and the VIP suites.

Each of these suites, depending on the name they have been given, has a special architectural design. If you prefer not to stay in a suite, you always have the option of the jungle’s hovels.

These hovels have been fully equipped and modernized, and are constructed in the middle of the woods, in a world far from the hectic life of the city.

The station of the mountain’s cable car route is located on the fifth floor of this edifice and transportation to Bame Sabz Hotel occurs through the cable car route.

Iran’s Wild Animals

Iran is a diverse land of many climates and geographical features. This results in a wide range of habitats in which wildlife can excel.

This country harbors unique, peerless, and stunning growth within its borders, between the two water bodies, the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf.

Iran’s Fauna

Iran harbors a wide variety of animal species that reside in forests, rocky mountains, riversides, and deserts.

Rare species live in many regions of Iran; such as the Asiatic Cheetah, goitered gazelle, Maral, and the Persian Caracal. Migratory birds also reside in Iran during some months of the year. They travel all the way from Siberia, Russia, and other countries in the region.

Damavand’s Fauna

The highest peak of the country and one of the attractions of this land is Mount Damavand. This mountain is the highest volcanic peak in the Middle East and brings many daring mountain climbers to Iran annually, who are eager to conquer Mount Damavand.

Hot water springs, sulfur vents, Abshar-e Yakhi, and the Yellow Flower Valley comprise this mountain’s attractions (visiting all is included in our Damavand Climbing Tour). Moreover, the organic, wildflower honey produced in the region is sought-after produce of the region.

Some Mammals of Mount Damavand include the common hedgehog, the fawn leaf-nosed bat, long-wing bat, serotine bat, rabbit, gray dwarf hamster, wolf, jackal, common fox, brown bear, otter, wild cat species, boar, and red deer(Maral).

The birds include hawks, owls, pigeons, swallows, crows, etc. Reptiles are found in lower elevations, such as Macrovipera lebetinus, Alborzi Viper, Damavandi Vipera, Caucasian Vipera (which is venomous), and many more.

The wildlife in this region is, however, at risk. This is mainly due to excessive livestock grazing; but other reasons are involved too such as road construction, mining, and waste dumping.

Carcasses

There are some frozen animal carcasses such as sheep and goats atop the faces of Damavand. They have been there for many years and are known by locals.

They possibly died because of starvation or freezing, or poisoning by sulfur. While trekking Damavand, you may come across them and perhaps, opt to take bizarre, interesting photographs with them.

Iran’s Flora

Iran is in possession of a diversified plant life that covers its heights and valleys. The land has distinct seasons, meaning it has cold winters and hot summers. This gives rise to extremely different scenes of nature and fluctuating populations of various species.

Moreover, it has possession of low valleys as well as tall mountains; areas in which vastly different forms of ecosystems may flourish not far away from each other.

The temperate areas are covered with forests, whereas arid zones are filled with vast, striking deserts, populated with their own forms of wildlife.

Damavand’s Flora

The vegetation varies at different faces of the mountain, and at different altitudes. Some of the plants unique to Damavand you may only see by climbing up to certain heights; for example, the bushes at the higher altitudes are usually spiny and long.

The main plants of this region are: Kolah-e Mir Hassan Damavandi, Kezel Damavandi, Bu Madaran-e Damavandi, Pir Giah-e Damavandi, and others.

A special species of Mount Damavand is the Poppy which occurs at 2000 to 3500 m in height. The name by which the Damavand Poppy is known is Shaghayegh-e Lar.

In case you are interested in visiting the highest peak of Iran to see these attractions yourself, we recommend consulting with expert leaders regarding the season of the year to visit.

This is in order to ensure you witness the views described and experience a memorable climb, via our Damavand Climbing Tour Package.

Boutique hotels are among the most unique types of accommodation available in Iran.

Found in many popular Iran destinations, these hotels are often transformed old mansions that will take you back in time and mesmerize you with their stunning design.

If you’re interested in experiencing a unique stay at a boutique hotel the following are some of the best boutique hotels in Iran.

Abbasi Hotel (Isfahan)

Abbasi Hotel is the most luxurious hotel in Isfahan, Iran and possibly the oldest hotel in the world, dating back 300 years.

It is situated in Chaharbagh Street in Isfahan, and was built in 1106 of Lunar Hijri, by the order of Shah Sultan Husayn of Safavid Dynasty.

This historical Iran hotel was designed adhering to the awe-inspiring style of Iranian architecture, and was reconstructed in 1351 according to modern aesthetics and standards.

Abbasi Hotel, also called Shah Abbas Hotel, which is famed as one of the most beautiful guesthouses in the world, offers 225 lodging rooms and is situated in the core of the heritage district of the city.

Easy access to leisure sites and   Iran historical attractions such as Hasht Behesht Palace, Si-o-Se Pol, Naqsh-e-Jahan(Imam) Square, and Manar Jonban, is one of the positive features of Abbadi Hotel.

By opting to reside in this hotel, which is in and of itself a tourist attraction of the city, you are sure to experience an unforgettable familiarity with the famed city of Isfahan.

The average reservation price for a room in this hotel varies between – to — euros per night. http://www.abbasihotel.ir/en

Dad Hotel (Yazd) 

Dad is a four-star Iran hotel, with traditional architecture and design, located in the center of the historical city of Yazd. Construction of the hotel’s edifice goes back to 1307 Solar Hijri.

Dad Hotel is situated closely to Yazd historical and cultural attractions such as a Zoroastrian fire temple, and The Amir Chakhmaq Complex.

Dad Hotel is comprised of four floors which together make up a capacity of 88 residential rooms, and while it maintains an aura of tradition, every room is fully equipped with modern facilities and amenities. Amongst tourist attractions of Dad Hotel in Yazd, one call list a water museum, and Ab-Anbar Shesh-Badgir.

Other hotel amenities include a traditional restaurant, which provides all traditional Iranian foods as well as foreign dishes, in a calm and pleasant atmosphere, an outdoors coffee shop in the hotel rooftop with a view of the city of Yazd, an indoor swimming pool, a sauna and Jacuzzi, a spa, et cetera. Price for reservation of a room, depending on the type falls between – to — euros per night.  https://dadhotel.com/

Moshir al-Mamalek Garden Hotel (Yazd)

Moshir al-Mamalek Garden is a four-star hotel, situated in proximity to the heritage district of the historical city of Yazd.

This garden was built near the end of the Qajar period and was converted into a hotel in the year 1379, after the edifice and the open space of this complex were subject to alterations.

Moshir al-Mamalek Garden Hotel, is in possession of 13000 square meters of area, and was opened in 1382 as the first Iranian Garden Hotel equipped with modern amenities while maintaining traditional decorations.

This complex is located at one of the city’s entrances and through the surrounding streets, has easy access to all corners of this historical city.

The beautiful expanse of garden, with its flowing waters and fountains, designed adhering to Iranian architecture, makes this Garden Hotel into one of the tourist attractions of Yazd. This hotel has been registered in Iran National Heritage List of nationally significant monuments.

The price for registration of a room for each night varies between – to — euros. http://www.hotelgardenmoshir.com/

Darb-E Shazdeh Boutique Hotel (Shiraz)

This recently-opened Iranian Boutique Hotel has attracted the attention of many. Darb-E Shazdeh Boutique Hotel is constructed by renovating a Qajar-era residence; the spectacular and modern design utilized to embellish the rooms, sure to impress all visitors.

This boutique hotel which belongs to the Qajar era is situated in the core of the Zand area of Shiraz, reflects fully the rich cultural heritage and ancient architecture of this city; Architecture which has integrated contemporary aesthetics of design into the historical models in order to achieve a remarkable effect of timeless grandeur.

This exceptional boutique hotel in Shiraz offers amenities such as a small café, a private garden, and traditional baths. Darb-E Shazdeh Boutique Hotel is located in the heart of the heritage district of the city of Shiraz and is not far from Arg-e Karimkhan and the Vakil Bazaar.

The price of one night’s stay at this hotel is approximately between 95-220 euros. https://www.darbeshazdeh.com/

Ghasr Monshi Hotel (Isfahan)

The traditional resort of Ghasr Monshi is one of Isfahan’s traditional lodges, which makes for a wonderful experience during your stay with its beautiful architecture, area with a small water pond, and colorful tinted glass windows.

The restaurant offers traditional dishes, served the traditional way.  Ghasr Monshi Hotel is located conveniently for access to all cultural attractions.

This lodge is a 15- minute walk away from the Naqsh-e Jahan Square, where one can visit Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, the Ali Qapu Palace, and the neighboring Bazaar. Moreover, Chehel Sotoun, Chahar Bagh Boulevard, The Hasht Behesht Palace, Malek ot-Tojar Vineyard, and the bridge of Si-o-se-pol, are all tourist attractions located closely.

The price for reservation of a room falls between 80 to 230 euros per night. http://ghasrmonshihotel.com/En

Khane Morshedi Hotel (Kashan)

The Hotel of Khane Morshedi, dating back 250 years, is located in the city of Kashan and is considered, in and of itself, one of the tourist attractions of the city.

In the recent years, the edifice has undergone renovation and reconstruction, rendering the stay a marvelous experience. Guests lodge in plush rooms embellished with exquisite hand-woven rugs and antiquities.

The city of Kashan is well-known for its natural herbal tinctures and herbal teas, and therefore, all manners and varieties of herbal tea can be found in Khane Morshedi’s teahouse.

This hotel is located in the center of Kashan and is closer in relation to historical lodges such as those of the Boroujerdi’s and the Tabatabaei’s. http://www.morshedihouse.com/

Saraye Ameriha Hotel (Kashan)

Ameriha residence complex is comprised of several distinct houses built in close proximity to each other which together account for an area of 9000 square meters, consisting of 85 rooms and 3 houses with 5 central courts, including interior and exterior halls, as well as several indoor courts.

Saraye Ameriha is renowned as one of the oldest historical edifices of Kashan. The construction of this complex dates back to the Zand Dynasty. In 1374, the Office of Cultural Heritage of Kashan embarked on a project of renovation which ended in 1379, converting Saraye Ameriha complex into a large tourist lodge.

The remarkable features of this building include the expansive two courts and the sumptuous decorations and embellishments, and the fact that it possesses the tallest wind towers in Kashan. Saraye Ameriha Hotel stands out from all edifices of Kashan with regard to age and architecture.

This historical lodge was opened as a one-of-a-kind residence lodge on khordad 26th, 1393. The price of one night’s stay in each room falls between 1150265 euros depending on the type of the room.  http://en.sarayeameriha.com/

Kandovan Laleh International Rocky Hotel (Tabriz)

Kandovan Laleh International Rocky Hotel has an odd but intriguing name. Rocky? Yes, it is ‘Rocky’. Kandovan Laleh International Rocky Hotel is the third of its kind in the world.

This is a type of hotel with the rooms carved inside the mountain’s very rocks. This is a matter of course in the village of Kandovan, however. To elaborate, all residences of the village of Kandovan live in the heart of the mountain, inside rooms which have been carved out of rocks.

Kandovan Laleh International Rocky Hotel, being the only one of its kind in the entire country, is the best choice for enthusiasts of this type of villages, and for ecotourists and photographers.

A pivotal fact to remember about this hotel, is that in order to reach it, one must climb 180 steps, and this is not very pleasant for the elderly or people who suffer from an ailment.

A night’s stay in Kandovan Laleh International Rocky Hotel will provide the very same experience that residence possess of years of dwelling in this exceptional city. 

In Kandovan Laleh International Rocky Hotel, depending on which you are partial to, you may stay in ordinary rooms, or those equipped with a Jacuzzi filled with mineral water of the village, or even conoidal suites.

The price for the reservation of a room in this hotel falls between 50-98 euros per night. http://www.lalehhotels.com/

For adventurers who travel to Iran with the dream of spending a few days exploring its vast deserts, accommodation is often a concern.

Unlike what most assume, Iran desert tours often provide a rather comfortable type of accommodation which is staying at a guesthouse at one of the beautiful Iran desert villages or at one of the historical Caravanserais.

The following is a list of the best Iran Desert Resorts and Caravanserais.

Bali Desert Hotel (Isfahan)

Bali Desert Hotel, located in Khur and Biabanak County of Isfahan, Iran, is an ideal choice for travelers who interned to journey to Mesr Desert since it is situated at a distance of 55 kilometers from the popularly visited Kavir.

Bali Hotel, three stars, was constructed in the heart of the central desert of Iran, the Dasht-e Kavir, in 1388, its architecture well-matched with the desert environment.

The hotel’s thatched edifice has a central court and 40 rooms encircle it. The rooms of the Bali Desert Hotel fall into two types: modern and traditional.

Amongst the tourist attractions approximate to the hotel, one can name a salt lake, playa canals, Mesr Desert, Iraj Village, Garmeh Village, Bayazeh Village, and its 3000- year old fort, Sang-Awb (Stone Lavers), and assorted mountain climbing amenities.

.http://hotelbali.uspace.ir/

Laleh Bisotun International Hotel – Safavid Caravanserai (Kermanshah)

Laleh Bisotoun International Hotel is owned by the Laleh chain hotels. It is situated in a mountain range at a distance of 25 kilometers from Kermanshah and constructed in the form of four traditional porches.

On one side, the mountainous natural area, and on the other, the eighth of Iran’s World Heritage Sites, Mount Bisotoun can be found.

In spite of the fact that Bisotun International Hotel possesses an aura and aesthetic of tradition and serves as a memorabilia of the Safavid Dynasty, in this Hotel-Caravanserai, tradition, and modernity are consolidated, forming a seamless coalition.

The hotel possesses an area of 6000 meters and possessing the four-balcony form, which is comprised of 20 units with royal and imperial suites, which make up a capacity of 100 guests. By opening the windows of the rooms, the view of Mount Bisotoun emerges.

Traditional restaurants, a conference hall, an exhibition (and retailer) of local handicraft items, and mountain-climbing equipment shops are among the other facilities of Laleh Bisotoun International Hotel.

By choosing to reside in this hotel during your trip, you find yourself in close proximity to Iran tourist attractions such as the Behistun Palace, Safavid Caravanserai, Kohneh Bridge, Behistun Inscription, Sasanian Bridge (Khosrow), Statue of Hercules, Parthian site of worship, Taq-e Bostan, and the Bisitun Cave.

It is worthy of note that the wall of Mount Bisotun hosts numerous professional mountain and rock climbers annually as well as professional paratroopers. The price for a night’s reservation falls between 50 to 130 euros depending on the type of room. http://lalehhotels.com/

Zein-o-din Caravanserai (Yazd)

Zein-o-din Caravanserai is an Iranian traditional resort, located in Mehriz, Yazd. This lodge is situated at a 30-kilometer distance from the city of Yazd.

Dating back to 450 years ago, the edifice was reconstructed in 1380 and now consists of 36 rooms, all on one floor.

The resort is at a 25-minute distance with a vehicle from tourist attractions such as Mehrpadin Castle, and at a 30-minute distance from the historical Village and Fortress of Sar Yazd, Kohne Caravanserai, New Rabat (Rabat-e No), Chapar Khaneh, Jameh Mosque of Yazd, and Shakib Wind Tower.

Zein-o-din Caravanserai is one of the architectural marvels of the Safavid era, and the only rounded edifice of Iranian build on the silk road.

On the two sides of the Caravanserai, there are stairwells leading to the rooftop and can be visited for the watching of the beguiling sky of the desert.  http://zeinodincaravanserai.com/

Village and Nomad Resorts 

These lodges are also referred to as Ecotourism lodges; some are constructed by setting up camps (not tents) in nature and have their niche of enthusiasts, who are partial to camps of a nomad and rural tradition. 

Qaleh Ganj Hotel (Kerman)

Qaleh Ganj is a traditional Kapari (Hut) Hotel which was opened in Farvardin in 1395. The construction of the edifice of this traditionally designed hotel was begun in 1394 in the Qaleh Ganj village of Kerman and was finished near the end of 1394.

Qaleh Ganj Kapari hotel is also renowned as Toop (Ball) Hotel. In the past, Kapari resorts were associated with privation and poverty, however, this association changed with the emergence of Qaleh Ganj Kapari Hotel, which prompted this style to be linked with wealth.

Qaleh Ganj Hotel is in possession of facilities such as a library, a children’s game room, and a cycling road. Off-Roading in desert plains, camel riding, dining in the desert along with a feast of seasonal fruits, folk songs and dances, traditional games, and wonderful views, are all among the amenities one can enjoy in this hotel. 

https://ghaleganj.pih.ir/error.htm?aspxerrorpath=/index.aspx

Durna EcoCamp (Meshgin Shahr)

If you aspire to spend a few days in the heart of nature, in an appealing, pleasant environment, at a place where nomad tribes are at your proximity, Dorna Nomads’ Eco Camp located in Yaylak highlands of MalekSuyi, Meshgin Shahr, Iran, is your ideal choice.

In the construction of this camp, traditional and modern architecture, meld together at a style reconcilable to the surrounding environment, in such a way that as soon as you exit from your room in the resort, you come up against rejuvenating sights of flourishing greens and amiable weather.

This Eco Camp is located at a distance of 800 meters from the Goorgoor Waterfall and the MalekSuyi and Qinarjeh hot water springs. Dorna Nomads’ Eco Camp is comprised of round resort lodges and nomad tents, which provide the possibility of a dream-like experience.

A restaurant, able to prepare a variety of Iranian and vegetarian foods, and exciting leisure activities such as horseback riding and bicycling, paragliding, and skiing, are among the entertainment amenities of Dorna Nomads Eco Camp.

This Nomad Eco Camp is located at a distance of 110 kilometers from Ardebil and is 20 kilometers far from Meshgin Shahr. http://dorna.uspace.ir/

Top Ten Iranian Souvenirs

What are the top ten souvenirs of Iran among foreign tourists?

Among all the items and souvenirs one can acquire in Iran, some stand out. They are known globally and anyone in the world recognizes them as Iran’s.

These include Iranian carpets, Iranian Saffron, Pistachios, and so on. Another category of very popular souvenirs of Iran is handicrafts that are unique to each town and made with dexterity and love.

For example, Kilims. Moreover, the sweets and trail mix that Iranians prepare are very popular among visitors. Some tourists visit Iran excited to taste and buy Sohan or Gaz. They might specifically travel to Mashhad to purchase Saffron, the best quality money can buy.

There are many types and sorts of souvenirs you can buy from Iran, but in this article let us look at the top ten most popular items one can purchase in Iran.

Loom-Woven Items

These items of handicraft are prepared on looms, such as carpets, kilims, jajims, et cetera. Carpets and mats that originate in Iran are extremely popular in many countries of the world, due to the intricate design and the colorful illustrations that Iranians are wont to produce.

Many tourists buy a small piece of carpet, kilim, gabbeh, or jajim as memorabilia. It is clear that if you purchase an Iranian carpet or rug, you have bought the most valuable souvenir.

However, these carpets are usually very costly. If you rather not buy something so expensive and large, perhaps you would prefer a smaller, more economic souvenir such as a small kilim or jajim. Foreign visitors of this land often buy smaller mats that they can fit inside their suitcase.

In different areas of Iran, distinct colors, designs, and illustrations are common that have developed over generations of practice. We recommend taking your time browsing the vast selections and choosing something that fits your taste.

Traditionally-Made Cloths (Termeh, Ghalam-kar, and Pateh-doozi)

Some regions of Iran are famed for the quality and beauty of their hand-woven clothes. There can be a variety of types of decoration that people of a region use to embellish their handicrafts.

These include Termeh, Kalam-Kar (Ghalamkar or Qalamkaar), and Pateh-Doozi. Isfahan’s Kalam Kar cloths, known for their geometric and floral designs are some of the most well-known items of handicraft one can purchase from this city.

Yazd’s Termeh, used for making purses, table cloths, jewelry boxes, and even shoes, comprises this city’s most beloved handcrafted souvenir.

Giveh

Giveh is a traditionally-made Iranian footwear that originates in the mountainous areas of Zagros, including in Kermanshah.

The highest quality of this type of shoe is made with a leather sole and woven wool at the top. Because of their seams, they’re cool and suitable for use during the summer; hence their popularity among the rural population of Zagros.

Thankfully, the young artists of the west of the land have taken the matter into their own hands and designed modernized versions of Giveh to bring the attention of the people back to this traditional handicraft. Tourists, of course, rarely buy Giveh to actually wear them.

They purchase these items to use as decoration.

Khatam Kari

Watching a master produce an artwork of Khatam Kari will prove quite a mesmerizing experience. Khatam Kari is one of the most famed wooden handicrafts of Iran.

Khatam Kari experts utilize wood, metal, and bone, to produce beautiful items such as jewel boxes, photo frames, and backgammon sets.

These are well-liked souvenirs and memorabilia among tourists. Naqsh-e Jahan Square and Vakil Bazaar are the places to go if you intend to purchase a piece of this art.

Mina Kari

It is easy to realize why they call Isfahan “Half of the World” once you set foot in this ancient city. No wonder that the most admired of Iran’s souvenirs originate from this area.

One of the most beloved souvenirs of Iran, and particularly Isfahan, is Mina Kari. Mina Kari works are copper bowls whose surface has been intricately embellished with miniature flowers or birds.

This artwork is often in the color blue, though you may also come across bowls in colors green and red. In Isfahan’s bazaar, or in other places all around Iran, the flowerpots, plates, vases, and other beautiful Mina Kari artworks are available for purchase.

Pottery

The art of pottery in Iran goes way back. Due to its antiquity, the artwork has a lot of fanatics who buy them for gifting or memorabilia.

The pottery works of Lalejin in Hamedan, Natanz, and Meybod, produce the most popular works of art for this handicraft. A visit to the National Museum of Iran can inform you of the rich history of pottery in Iran’s antiquity that date back further than Persia’s Empire.

These days, Iranians exhibit this art in their hand-illustrated mugs and bowls. You could purchase one of these items and remember Iran each time you take a sip of coffee or tea.

Firoozeh Koobi (Turquoise Inlaying) of Neyshabur

Firoozeh is a valuable gemstone that is native to only certain regions of the world, namely, Iran. The epithet “Firoozeh” and the color Firoozeh-ee (Turquoise, in English) also originate from this root.

Interestingly, painters of old required turquoise powder to prepare their paint in this color, which was rare and precious.

The city of Neyshabur in the northeast of Iran is famed all around the world not only for being the birthplace of the polymath Omar Khayyam, but also for being the source of much of the most precious turquoise stones in the world. 

The Turquoise of Neyshabur is one of the most popular turquoises in the world. It is often put into jewelry, but also inlay into copper bowls (the art of Firoozeh Koobi) to produce an admired artwork and souvenir.

If you prefer to buy an uncut Firoozeh gemstone, you must pay a visit to Firoozeh shops of Neyshabur or Mashhad; and for beautifully cut or inlayed Firoozeh, you can visit any Firoozeh shop in the capital or anywhere else in the country.

Trail Mix, and Pistachios 

Among edible souvenirs of Iran, nuts such as pistachios, almonds, walnuts, etc are popular. But the most famed are the pistachios of Kerman, Damghan, and Sabzevar. 

Also, the extensive cultivation of dates has made this sweet produce a highly imported, frequently bought item. 

Sometimes, Iran’s pistachios are referred to as the Green Gold of Iran. The pistachios packaged for tourists to purchase as souvenirs often come in high-end boxes and have guaranteed quality.

The time of the harvest of pistachios is Shahrivar and the beginning of Mehr (which coincides with September) during which you can purchase fresh green pistachios.

Spices (especially Saffron, the Red Gold of Iran)

All Iran’s popular spices are made from herbs and natural products and contain fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins. The spices include: pennyroyal, Persian Thyme, Saffron, Rosemary, Anise, Turmeric, Persian Cumin, Green Cumin, Coriander, and Tarragon. Among those named, of course, Saffron is the most well-known. 

Saffron is called the Red Gold of Iran because of its global popularity and high demand. The cultivation of this spice is common in Khorasan Province of Iran and one of the most interesting tours of Iran for tourists, is to visit a Saffron farm and farmstead at the time of harvest.

Gaz and Sohan 

Gaz and Sohan that are prepared in Isfahan have a lot of fanatics from Iran and other countries. Normal Gaz or Gaz that is rolled in flour (Gaz-e Awrdi) of the highest quality are available for purchase in Naqsh-e Jahan Square.

Gaz is also popularly prepared and sold in other cities like Qom, Yazd, and Kerman and is available to buy almost anywhere in the country. 

There is a type of sweet named Sohan that is also commonly prepared and sold in Isfahan. Sohan is a type of Halwaa whose main ingredient is wheat sprout. 

Sohan is an Iranian sweet made with sugar, almond flakes, Saffron, and butter that comes in many shapes and types, including Sohan Asali (asal means honey, therefore Sohan Asali is the type of Sohan with honey in it).

Qom is another city famed for its Sohans which are mostly filled with pistachios inside.

Damavand Cloud Cap

The shape of clouds that form atop Mount Damavand is a topic of interest among our mountain climbers. For instance, here is a photograph of a cap cloud.

This spectacular formation is a Cap-cloud. Cap cloud or cloud cap is a form of layer clouds (also called stratiform clouds) that appear over mountaintops.

They are a result of upper-level winds that breeze horizontally to condense the moist air; therefore the clouds take the shape of a lentil. A cap cloud is also sometimes called a “pileus;” which is the Latin term. 

Credit goes to NASA for this breathtaking photo of Damavand’s mountain top. It looks like it is wearing a hat! 

Cap Clouds on an Isolated Mountain Peak 

Usually, cap clouds form over isolated and high mountain peaks. These are a form of layer-cloud, also called stratiform clouds, that take shape as the temperature suddenly plummets.

The sudden drop in temperature causes a rapid condensation of the moisture that is present naturally in the air. As a result of the wind that blows quite a way atop the mountain, this condensate forms a lentil-shaped cloud. 

Damavand is higher than all other mountains in Iran, and it is an isolated peak. This means that there are no tall landmasses near it that can deter the wind that blows toward or around it.

Direct and unhindered gusts of wind can therefore produce interesting shapes of clouds. PHOTO OF DAMAVAND WITH A CAP 

Scientific Discourse

The gust of air that moves toward a mountain, will inevitably ascend to the top. This is called the Anabatic wind. As it rises, its temperature and pressure both fall.

This process lasts from the base until halfway up the slope. By the time it gets halfway up, due to the condensation rate, the water can no longer remain as vapor and must appear as an opaque mass of tiny water droplets. These we call clouds.

The mechanism is the same as on cold winter days when our exhalation forms a fleeting cloud.  PHOTO OF A PRETTY SCARF CLOUD 

After this, the cold condensate continues its travel up the face of the mountain until it reaches the peak.

Through the process of condensation, the energy levels of the particles that form the cloud, increase. The wind continues to travel with vapor that has slightly higher energy, but now it has reached the peak and has slightly passed it too; which means the temperature is rising again as well and the pressure has increased too.

Thus, the cloud loses some of its mass due to molecules vaporizing.

The continued addition of vapor and loss of it results in the formation of a rather stationary cloud over the peak; between the layers of which, gusts of strong wing move freely. 

Therefore, two opposing mechanisms of condensation and vaporization occur at the mountain top and make for the stunning cap cloud whose photographs we have studied above. 

And yet, it seems as though the process is not fully explained; After all, why doesn’t the gust of wind pass over the peak and just continue its way downslope all the way?

Why does it turn back and form a conical flow around the upper face? 

The answer becomes clear by studying the Bernoulli principle in fluid mechanics. Based on Bernoulli’s principle, the speed of a fluid changes inversely proportional to its pressure.

Therefore, the outer layers of the air that surround the face of the mountain are more stationary, pressing the speedier layers inside, and near the face.

So long as the gusts are mild enough to retain a balanced flow, the wind prefers to move near the surface and at the top.

Geoparks

According to the definition demarcated by UNESCO, a geopark is an enclosed area with determined borders that comprises a number of sites that possess geological significance and can play an important role in the economic development of the community nearby.

Furthermore, a geopark may contain historical, ecological, archeological, cultural, and other features as well as its geological import. 

UNESCO initiated the UNESCO Global Geopark label in answer to the need for global planning to recognize geologically significant sites.

The aim of the UNESCO Global Geoparks was to emphasize the value of these sites, as well as create jobs and boost the regional economy. With these ends in mind, UNESCO ratified this global label in the year 2015.

UNESCO Global Geopark works in coordination with “UNESCO World Heritage Site” and “The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.”

Global Network of Geoparks

For a geopark to be included in the Global Network of Geoparks, it must possess the following features:  

• A management plan for the sustainable socio-economic development of the locals(often based in Agritourism, i.e. Agricultural Tourism, and Geotourism, i.e. Geological Tourism). 
• Devise methods of protection and conservation of local geological sites and provide the tools for education regarding geology and further environmental matters. 
• Execute tasks and commissions in harmony with local authorities, indigenous communities, and private corporations in order to produce the best possible strategies in preserving the earth and to consolidate the ideals of sustainability with all action plans.

The Qeshm Geopark is the first of its kind in the Middle East to join the UNESCO global network of geoparks.

At the current time, among Asian countries, China has the largest number of geoparks.

Global Registration of geoparks

Years of arduous planning and preparation are required for a site to be registered among the UNESCO Global Network of Geoparks.

During this time, information can be gathered regarding the preservation of landmarks, management of the area, and geotouristical monetization. All of this calls the attention of tourism companies and travel agencies.

A collection of interesting landmarks does not suffice to produce a geopark. Prior planning, preliminary undertakings, and most importantly, instigating sustainable and profitable local businesses are all required for an area to meet the qualifications for a registered geopark.

A candidate area for a geopark must be built and managed by the efforts of the local community.

Iran’s Geoparks

Iran has the potential for many geoparks. The most prominent landmarks of this country include Magma phenomena, Tectonic landforms, salt plains, erosion landforms, mountains, deserts, caves, and mud volcanoes, which in total, produce a precious body of geological forms.

Qeshm Geopark is the first geopark of the Middle East and the only geopark of Iran to join UNESCO’s global list of geoparks.

Sadly, there have been cases in which a geopark has exited the UNESCO Global List due to dwindling efforts and not meeting minimum requirements.

However, there are other sites in Iran undergoing preparations, readying themselves for UNESCO validation.

These soon-to-be Geoparks include the Aras Geopark, Tabas Geopark, Geno Biosphere Reserve, and Raggeh Geopark.

Qeshm Geopark

Qeshm Geopark was registered in the UNESCO list for the first time in 1385, however, it was removed from the Global List in 1391, until with renewed efforts of the authorities, it was registered again in 1395. Qeshm Geopark comprises 25 geosites.

The Qeshm region and its geopark are very warm in both summer and winter. During most of the year, the weather is humid and hot; which is bothersome at times, especially between Mehr – Farvardin.

The warmest time of the year is halfway through Tir until the middle of Shahrivar, and the coldest time of the year falls between Day and Bahman.

In spite of its relatively small area, the Island of Qeshm has substantial biodiversity. 16 species of mammals inhabit this region; most of them can be observed from within the Qeshm Geopark.

This number excludes the marine mammals that sometimes swim near the Island shore. 

Birds, likely the most eminent of Qeshm’s animal species, are plentiful and diverse. 226 species of birds either live in the region or migrate there for certain periods during the year. 

Since Qeshm is located in a subtropical area, it is not rich in vegetation. For the most part, it contains shrubs which grow at distant lengths.

There are, of course, areas in which plants have grown in clusters. The most dense area of vegetation is the Hara Mangrove Forest, located inside the Qeshm Geopark and comprising one of its most distinguished features. 

Qeshm is the largest island of the Persian Gulf, located at the south of the coastal cities of Bandar Abbas and Bandar Khamir. Approximately 60 towns reside on the island of Qeshm, most of them with access to the shoreline.

Qeshm possesses a rich culture and history and dates back to before Islam, which is evident in the cultural diversity of the community. Ostensibly, Qeshm harbored prosperous towns ever since the era of Elamites, and the name Qeshm itself has its roots in Hatamtite (i.e. the extinct language of the Elamites).

Qeshm Geopark Address: Western shores of Qeshm Island, Iran.

Aras Geopark

Aras Geopark is located at the northwest of Iran, along the northern region of the province of East Azerbaijan. The Geopark is located precisely within the bounds of the city Jolfa. 

The continuation of the mountain range Lesser Caucasus is located in this region. This mountain range and the mountain ranges of Alborz and Zagros comprise the middle of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt which spans from Europe to Eastern Asia and like a natural wall, has created diversity in the climate and ecology, and culture of both sides.

The origin of the precipitation in this area is the humid Mediterranean wind that enters the area from the middle of autumn until the middle of spring, from the west.

The average yearly rainfall is 250-350 mm.

The region of Aras Geopark is famous for its latitudinal diversity which results in the possibility of different climates existing within its bounds.

The highest point in the Jolfa region is Mount Kiamaky, with its peak at 3347 meters. The lowest point is in the northern part of the region, in the valley of the Aras River. This valley is located at a latitude of 720 at the point that it joins the Chai River, which together forms the western border of the geopark. Due to its phenomenal climate, this area is also diverse in its vegetation.

While the valley of Aras River is filled with subtropical trees, the western and middle regions are covered in the steppe, and the slopes of the eastern mountains are covered with thick closed-canopy forests. The permanent snow line sits at a latitude of 3000 meters.

This diversity in the vegetation and ecology causes Aras Geopark to be of huge interest for Geotourism, making it highly notable in the natural world heritage web.

Aras’ case was sent to The List for Global Network of Geoparks in 1389, however, after evaluation in the year 1390, the area was not deemed eligible for the label of Global Geopark.

What made the site not quality was determined to be the lack of involvement of the local community in the growth and decision-making of the geopark. It was decided that after fixing the lacking areas, the park must reapply to be included in the Global Network.

Ever since then, 7 geosites have been added to the collection of Aras, bringing the number of its components to 24; and the project has momentarily come to a halt. The number may yet increase in the future with renewed efforts of the community and authorities.

Geno Biosphere Reserve

Geno Biosphere Reserve is located in the Hormozgan Province, in the south. Most of the area of this reserve is located inside mountain ranges.

The climate of the province is overall hot and humid, even though there are mountains with cold and wet weather located within its bounds. The mountains cause much of the precipitation of the province. One of these mountains is the Geno of Bandarabbas with a height of 2347 meters.

The best time of year to climb this mountain, especially for non-indigenous climbers is late autumn until the beginning of spring. The climate of the Geno region and overall, Bandarabbas Province is relatively mild during this period.

Late autumn and winter often make for too harsh a weather for climbing other heights of Iran, and it would call for professional gear and experienced climbers. At this time of year, however, Geno remains an apt choice for a safe climb.

The noteworthy topographical features of Geno:

Geno Biosphere Reserve possesses rich green vegetation on the slopes due to heavy snowfall at its summit.

Because of its geographical location and its quick increase in latitude, diverse microclimates have formed in different geographical directions. The valleys and slopes of Geno Biosphere Reserve harbor fantastically diverse vegetation.

Tabas Geopark 

Another site currently undergoing preparations for evaluation to join the Global Geopark List is the Tabas Geopark, which is the only one of its kind. 

The region comprises low meadowlands, salt plains, and mountain ranges. Moving sand dunes and thick forests of saxaul compose the unique assembly of the area.

Since the historic Silk Road passed through this land, many unmissable caravanserais existed in the region whose remains stands there to this day since times long passed.

Naybandan Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the most well-protected reserves of Iran, with complete protection against monetization and interference of industry and agriculture decision-makers.

This Sanctuary resides inside the bounds of Tabas Geopark and creates a fairly untouched area for the wildlife.